Speech Language Pathology Therapy: Step-by-Step Guide on How to Write SOAP Notes

Updated January 2026

SOAP notes are essential for effective patient care and documentation in speech language pathology therapy. This guide provides detailed instructions for each section of a SOAP note, helping you understand the structure and content required for thorough documentation in the speech language pathology context. By mastering SOAP notes, you can enhance patient care, ensure effective communication among healthcare providers, and maintain accurate medical records.

For specific examples, see our list of 10 Common Speech Language Pathology SOAP Note Examples.

Subjective Section (S)

In a speech language pathology SOAP note, the Subjective section (S) captures the patient’s or caregiver's self-reported information about their condition and symptoms. This section provides context for the therapist to understand the patient’s perspective and experiences. Here are the specific things that should go into the Subjective section of a speech language pathology SOAP note:

Subjective Section (S) Components

1. Chief Complaint:

   • The primary reason the patient is seeking speech language pathology therapy.
   • Example: "The patient has difficulty articulating certain sounds."

2. History of Present Condition:

   • Details about the onset, duration, and progression of the current condition.
   • Example: "The speech difficulties have been present since early childhood."

3. Communication Challenges:

   • Specific communication issues reported by the patient or caregiver.
   • Example: "The patient struggles with pronouncing 'r' and 's' sounds."

4. Impact on Daily Life:

   • How the condition affects the patient’s daily activities and interactions.
   • Example: "The patient feels self-conscious when speaking in class."

5. Previous Treatments and Outcomes:

   • Information on any treatments the patient has previously received for the condition.
   • The effectiveness or outcome of those treatments.
   • Example: "The patient attended speech therapy sessions two years ago with minimal improvement."

6. Relevant Medical History:

   • Any relevant past medical conditions, surgeries, or developmental milestones.
   • Example: "The patient has a history of frequent ear infections."

7. Medications:

   • Current medications the patient is taking, including dosage and frequency.
   • Example: "The patient is not currently taking any medications."

8. Patient/Caregiver Goals:

   • The patient’s or caregiver's goals and expectations from speech therapy.
   • Example: "The patient wants to improve speech clarity to participate more confidently in school activities."

9. Other Relevant Information:

   • Any other information provided by the patient or caregiver that may be relevant to their treatment.
   • Example: "The patient enjoys reading aloud but gets frustrated with mispronunciations."

Tips:

• Use open-ended questions to gather detailed information.
• Document the patient’s or caregiver's exact words when possible.
• Focus on the patient’s perspective and experiences.

Example of a Subjective Section for Speech Language Pathology Therapy

Objective Section (O)

In a speech language pathology SOAP note, the Objective section (O) captures measurable, observable, and factual data obtained during the patient’s examination. This section provides concrete evidence of the patient’s condition and progress. Here are the specific things that should go into the Objective section of a speech language pathology SOAP note:

Objective Section (O) Components

1. Speech Sound Assessment:

   • Document the results of speech sound assessments, including articulation tests.
   • Example: "The patient exhibits difficulty with the articulation of 'r' and 's' sounds."

2. Language Assessment:

   • Record the results of language assessments, including receptive and expressive language skills.
   • Example: "Receptive language skills are within normal limits. Expressive language shows difficulty with complex sentences."

3. Fluency Assessment:

   • Document any observations related to speech fluency, such as stuttering or hesitations.
   • Example: "No signs of stuttering or significant hesitations observed."

4. Voice Assessment:

   • Record observations related to voice quality, pitch, volume, and resonance.
   • Example: "Voice quality is clear with appropriate pitch and volume."

5. Pragmatic Language Skills:

   • Assess and document the patient’s social communication skills.
   • Example: "The patient demonstrates appropriate eye contact and turn-taking during conversation."

6. Oral Motor Examination:

   • Document the results of an oral motor examination, including strength and coordination of oral structures.
   • Example: "Oral motor examination reveals adequate strength and coordination of the lips, tongue, and jaw."

7. Standardized Test Results:

   • Include results from any standardized tests administered during the session.
   • Example: "Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3: Standard Score 85 (below average)."

Tips:

• Be precise and factual in your documentation.
• Include only measurable and observable data.
• Use standardized assessments and measurements where applicable.

Example of an Objective Section for Speech Language Pathology Therapy

Assessment Section (A)

In a speech language pathology SOAP note, the Assessment section (A) synthesizes the information gathered in the Subjective and Objective sections to provide a clinical judgment about the patient’s condition. This section includes the therapist's professional interpretation, diagnosis, and the patient’s progress and response to treatment. Here are the specific things that should go into the Assessment section of a speech language pathology SOAP note:

Assessment Section (A) Components

1. Diagnosis:

   • Provide a clinical diagnosis based on the subjective and objective findings.
   • Example: "Articulation disorder with difficulty in producing 'r' and 's' sounds."

2. Clinical Impression:

   • Include your clinical interpretation of the patient’s condition.
   • Example: "The patient’s articulation difficulties are impacting their confidence and participation in school activities."

3. Functional Limitations:

   • Document the impact of the patient’s condition on their daily activities and functional abilities.
   • Example: "The patient has difficulty being understood by peers and teachers, leading to frustration and reduced participation in class."

4. Patient Progress:

   • Comment on the patient’s progress since the last visit, if applicable.
   • Example: "The patient has shown slight improvement in producing 's' sounds but continues to struggle with 'r' sounds."

5. Prognosis:

   • Provide an outlook on the patient’s recovery based on their condition and response to treatment.
   • Example: "With consistent therapy, the patient has a good prognosis for improving articulation within 6-12 months."

6. Goals:

   • Set specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals for the patient’s treatment.
   • Example: "Short-term goal: Improve production of 's' sounds in single words within three months. Long-term goal: Achieve clear articulation of 'r' and 's' sounds in conversational speech within 12 months."

Tips:

• Be clear and concise in your clinical judgment.
• Use evidence-based reasoning to support your diagnosis and clinical impression.
• Set realistic and measurable goals for the patient.

Example of an Assessment Section for Speech Language Pathology Therapy

Plan Section (P)

Plan Section (P) Components

1. Treatment Plan:

   • Specific interventions that will be implemented to address the patient’s condition.
   • Example: "Articulation therapy focusing on 'r' and 's' sounds."

2. Therapy Techniques:

   • Detailed description of the therapy techniques to be used, including frequency and duration.
   • Example: "Phonetic placement techniques and auditory discrimination exercises, 30-minute sessions, twice weekly."

3. Home Practice:

   • Exercises and activities prescribed for the patient to practice at home between therapy sessions.
   • Example: "Daily practice of 'r' and 's' sounds using provided word lists and articulation apps."

4. Parent/Caregiver Involvement:

   • Instructions and guidance for parents or caregivers to support the patient’s progress at home.
   • Example: "Parents to monitor and encourage daily practice, providing positive reinforcement."

5. Patient Education:

   • Information and instructions provided to the patient to help them understand their condition and treatment.
   • Example: "Educate the patient on the importance of consistent practice and self-monitoring."

6. Referral:

   • Any referrals to other healthcare professionals or specialists if necessary.
   • Example: "Refer to an audiologist for a hearing evaluation if articulation issues persist."

7. Follow-Up:

   • The plan for subsequent visits, including the frequency and duration of follow-up appointments.
   • Example: "Schedule follow-up appointments twice a week for the next three months to monitor progress and adjust the treatment plan as necessary."

Tips:

• Be specific and detailed in your treatment plan to ensure clarity and adherence.
• Tailor the plan to the individual needs and goals of the patient.
• Ensure that the patient and caregivers understand their roles in the treatment plan, especially for home practice and support.

Example of a Plan Section for Speech Language Pathology Therapy

This detailed information in the Plan section ensures that the patient receives a comprehensive and personalized treatment strategy, and helps track progress and outcomes effectively.

AI-Assisted Documentation for Speech Language Pathology

As of 2025, 66% of healthcare providers use AI tools in their practice. AI scribes and ambient clinical intelligence can significantly reduce documentation burden for speech-language pathologists while accurately capturing assessment findings, therapy sessions, and patient progress.

How AI Can Help with SLP Documentation

• Ambient listening: AI captures therapy sessions and automatically structures session notes
• Assessment documentation: Accurately records standardized test results and observations
• Goal tracking: Helps document progress toward therapy goals with specific data
• Efficiency: Reduces documentation time by up to 50-75%

SLP-Specific AI Considerations

What AI captures well:

• Patient/caregiver-reported concerns and history
• Therapy session activities and techniques used
• Patient education and home practice instructions
• Goal discussions and progress updates

What requires careful review:

• Standardized test scores and percentile rankings
• Articulation accuracy percentages and specific sound productions
• Language sample analysis data
• Fluency measurements (stuttering frequency, duration)
• Voice quality descriptions (pitch, resonance, quality)
• Swallowing assessment findings

Tips for Using AI with SLP Documentation

1. Speak test scores clearly: "Goldman-Fristoe standard score eighty-five, sixteenth percentile"
2. Verbalize accuracy data precisely: "Patient produced /r/ correctly in seventy percent of word-initial positions"
3. Dictate goals explicitly: "Goal one: Patient will produce /s/ blends in sentences with eighty percent accuracy"
4. Document progress data: "Today's session: Patient achieved seven out of ten correct productions"

For more details, see our complete AI-Assisted Documentation Guide.

Telehealth Speech Language Pathology Documentation

Telepractice in speech-language pathology has become increasingly common, particularly for articulation therapy, language intervention, and certain voice treatments. Per CMS 2026 guidelines and HIPAA telehealth requirements, specific documentation requirements apply.

Appropriate Telehealth Uses in SLP

Telehealth visits are appropriate for:

• Articulation and phonology therapy
• Language intervention (receptive and expressive)
• Fluency therapy and stuttering treatment
• Voice therapy (with appropriate technology)
• Cognitive-communication therapy
• Aphasia treatment
• Parent/caregiver training and coaching
• Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) training

Telehealth Limitations for SLP

Services that may require in-person evaluation:

• Comprehensive swallowing assessments (MBSS, FEES)
• Oral-motor examinations requiring tactile cueing
• Initial comprehensive evaluations for young children
• Certain voice assessments requiring specialized equipment

Documentation considerations:

• Audio/video quality affecting perception of speech sounds
• Home environment distractions and setup
• Technology literacy of patient/caregiver
• Limited ability to provide physical cues or prompts

Example Telehealth SLP Documentation

For complete telehealth documentation guidance, see our Telehealth SOAP Notes Guide.